		COLOR PHENOMENA				Page: 08. 03
Introduction	Ingredients	Spectra	Attributes	The Human Eye	Color Mixing	General Terms
Color Spaces	How to measure	Color Scales	Color Effects	After Images		Contents

Color Spaces

PERIOD from 450 BC to 1860 on page 08. 00

PERIOD from 1860 to 1928 on page 08. 01

PERIOD from 1928 to 1955 on page 08. 02

PERIOD from 1955 to 1976 on this page

COLOR SPACE PERIOD (from 1955 to 1976)

Year

Photo

Inventors/Physicists/Mathematicians/etc.

A simple 2D or
3D color space

1961

08-03-02

L.F.C. Friele
b-1910
d-1996

In 1961 Friele began devising a formula with which MacAdam's ellipsus could be described with accuracy. The formula was slighly modified and symplified by MacAdam and later by K.D. Chickering and became known as the "Friele-MacAdam-Chikering" or "FMC-1" formula.

1964

08-03-03

not applicable

CIE U*, V*, W*
Commision Internationale d'Eclairage in Paris as the CIE X₁₀Y₁₀Z₁₀ Tristimulus Values

1968

08-03-05

Hard

1970

08-03-05a

Aemilius Müller
b-1909
d-1989

Aemilius Müller said that the gradations of hue often appearing monotonous.
It can be made more attractive by allowing them systematic deviations.
In order to explain subtractive color mixing, the eight corners of a color cube are occupied by the primary colors (CMY) and secondary colors (RGB) and the achromatic colors black and white.

1971 08-03-04	L.F.C. Friele b-1910 d-1996	FMC-2 or FMC-II A color difference equation developed by Friele, MacAdam and Chickering. The equation was derived from the results of an extensive visual assessment experiment. For most colors, a total color difference (Delta E) value of 1.0 represents a just noticeable difference. The MacAdam unit (FMC II dE) was universally adopted in color matching programs. Some still use it today, though better systems have been developed. FMC Color-Difference Formulas
	David L. MacAdam
	K.D. Chickering
1971 08-03-06	Edwin Herbert Land b-1909-05-07 Bridgeport-Connecticut d-1991-03-01 An American scientist and inventor	The effect COLOR CONSTANCY was described by Edwin Land, who formulated the retinex (combination of retina and cortex) theory. Polaroid photography was invented by Edwin Land. A one-step process for developing and printing photographs created a revolution in photography.

1972

08-03-07

Harald Küppers
b-1928 Müden/Örtze (A small village in the Lüneburg Heath) in Northern-Germany
d-

1975
08-03-08

J. Frans Gerritsen
b-
d-

Gerritsen's colorcircle is based on six colors. The three primary additive colors RED, GREEN and BLUE and the three primary subtractive colors MAGENTA, YELLOW and CYAN.

1976

08-03-09

not applicable

CIE 1976

.

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Last update
2010-05-18