		COLOR PHENOMENA				Page: 08. 02
Introduction	Ingredients	Spectra	Attributes	The Human Eye	Color Mixing	General Terms
Color Spaces	How to measure	Color Scales	Color Effects	After Images		Contents

Color Spaces

PERIOD from 450 BC to 1860 on page 08. 00

PERIOD from 1860 to 1928 on page 08. 01

PERIOD from 1928 to 1955 on this page

PERIOD from 1955 to 1976 on page 08. 03

COLOR SPACE PERIOD (from 1928 to 1955)

Year

Photo

Inventors/Physicists/Mathematicians/etc.

A simple 2D or
3D color space

1929

08-02-01

John Russell Pope
b-1874-04-24 in New York in US
d-1937-08-27 in New York in US
An American artist and architect of the National Gallery

1931

08-02-02

CIE

Commision Internationale d'Eclairage
CIE Tristimulus Values
Paris CIE-1931

1976

08-02-02

CIE

Commision Internationale d'Eclairage
CIE Tristimulus Values
Paris CIE-1976

08-02-03

not applicable

RGB color space

R = Red
G = Green
B = Blue

08-02-04

not applicable

CMY color space

C = Cyan
M = Magenta
Y = Yellow

08-02-05

not applicable

XYZ color space

X = Red
Y = Yellow
Z = Blue

08-02-06

not applicable

xyY color space

x = Red
y = Yellow
Y = Black/White

08-02-07

not applicable

L*a*b* color space

L* = Black/White
+a*/ -a* = Red-Green
+b*/ -b* = Yellow-Blue

08-02-08

not applicable

L*u*v*-color space

08-02-09

not applicable

HSV color space

H = Hue
S = Saturation
V = Value

1939

08-02-11

Brekenridge and Schaub RUCS

1939

08-02-12

Tryggve Johansson
b-1905
d-1960
A Swedish physicist

1940

08-02-10

David L. MacAdam
b-1910-07-01 in Philadelphia PA
d-1998-03-09 in Rochester NY

FMC (Friele-MacAdam-Chickering)

In the early 1940's Dr. David L MacAdam tested the threshold sensitivity of the eye tot chromaticity differences in the matching of colored lights. MacAdam found that the threshold could be described with ellipses on the chromaticity diagram. A problem with the CIE 1931 color system is that it does not give a direct way of estimating color differences. It would be. It would be desireable if a distance on a chromaticity diagram corresponded to the degree of difference between two colors. Based on the work of MacAdam, the CIELuv color space was developed in 1960 and was later replace by the CIELab color space.

1940 1942 1948 1976 08-02-14	Richard Sewall Hunter b-1909-10-25 in Washington in USA d-1991-01-16 in Arlington-Virginia in USA An American instrument maker	1940 A well known color space: The Hunter Lab color space L for Lightness +a for red and -a for green +b for yellow and -b for blue
		1942 Hunter created the widely used delta E for color differences. ⌂E=(⌂L + ⌂a + ⌂b)^1/2
		1948 Rd, a, b Hunter Lab Color Space
		1976	*The CIE 1976 (L, a, b) color space (CIE LAB), showing only colors that fit within the sRGB gamut. Each axis of each square ranges from -128 to +128.**

1952
1963
1974

08-02-13

Alfred Hickethier
b-
d-

1952
Alfred Hickethier proposed his cube-based system of colors
(Yellow - Magenta - Cyan)

1963
A color mixing by numbers

W =
0, 0, 0

C =
0, 0, 9

M =
0, 9, 0

B =
0, 9, 9

Y =
9, 0, 0

G =
9, 0, 9

R =
0, 9, 0

S =
9, 9, 9

1974
A color atlas with 1000 samples

1953

08-02-16

Roland R�sch
b-
d-

1953

08-02-17

not applicable

CIE-Lab

The color is based on the fact that they cannot be both red and green, or blue and yellow at the same time.
On the a-a' axis, positive values indicate amounts of red while negative values indicate amounts of green.
On the b-b' axis, yellow is positive and blue is negative. For both axes, zero is neutral-gray:

1955

08-02-18

Sven Hesselgren
b-
d-
A Swede

In Hesselgren's Color Atlas, 507 standard colors are specified, arranged in planes of equal hue according to the lightness and saturation.

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Last update
2010-05-18