COLOR  PHENOMENA Page: 08. 01
Introduction Ingredients Spectra Attributes The Human Eye Color Mixing General Terms
Color Spaces How to measure Color Scales Color Effects After Images Contents

Color Spaces

PERIOD from 450 BC to 1860 on page 08. 00
PERIOD from 1860 to 1928 on this page
PERIOD from 1928 to 1955 on page 08. 02
PERIOD from 1955 to 1976 on page 08. 03
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COLOR  SPACE  PERIOD  (from 1860 to 1928)

.
Year Photo Inventors/Physicists/Mathematicians/etc. A simple 2D or
3D color space

1872

08-01-01

James Clerk Maxwell
b-1831-08-13 in Edinburgh in Scotland
d-1879-11-05 in Cambridge in England
A Scottish physicist.

From 1855 to 1872 Maxwell published at intervals a series of valuable investigations connected with the Perception of Color and Color-Blindness, for the earlier of which he received the Rumford Medal from the Royal Society in 1860.

1874

08-01-02

Wilhelm Max Wundt
b-1832-08-16 in Neckarau in Germany
d-1920-08-31 in Grossbothen in Germany
A German physiologist and psychologist.

Wilhem Max Wundt was a student of Helmholtz.
Color space 1893                        Color space 1874

 

1874

08-01-03

Johann Friedrich Wilhelm von Bezold
b-1837-06-21 in Munich
d-1907-02-17
A German phycisist and meteorologist

Bezold-Brücke phenomenon
A change to the perception of colors under the effects of in-creased light intensity or the apparent brightness of hues changes as illumination changes. With increasing intensity, wavelengths below 500 nm shift more toward blue, and above 500 hues shift more toward yellow. Reds become yellower with increasing brightness.

1876

08-01-04

Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke
b-1819-06-06 in Berlin in Germany
d-1892-01-07 in Vienna in Austria
A German physiologist.

Bezold-Brücke phenomenon
A change to the perception of colors under the effects of in-creased light intensity or the apparent brightness of hues changes as illumination changes. With increasing intensity, wavelengths below 500 nm shift more toward blue, and above 500 hues shift more toward yellow. Reds become yellower with increasing brightness.

1879

08-01-05

Nicholas Ogden Rood
b-1831-02-03 in Danbury, Connecticut USA
d-1902-11-12
A physicist who specialised in optics and professor at Columbia University 1863-1901.
 

Ogden Rood named the correct visual complementary contrast colors-pairs that he called
companions that when juxtaposed glowed "with more than their natural brilliancy".
Unfortunately, he failed to articulate that there was a difference between visual and mixing complements.
Ogden Rood said: Color is but a sensation and has no existence outside the nervous system of living beings.

1883

08-01-06

Alois Höfler
b-1853-04-06 in Kirchdorf/Krems in Austria
d-1922-02-26 in Wien in Austria
An Austrian educationalist and philosopher. 

He produced two colorsystems, one in 1883 and one in 1897.
R ( Red)   Y (Yellow)   G (Green)
B (Blue)   W (White)    S (Black) 

 

1887

08-01-07

Edward Bradford Titchener 
b-1867-01-11 in Chichester in England
d-1927-08-03 in Ithaca in the United States
An English-born American psychologist.

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1889

08-01-08

Michel Eugène Chevreul
b-1786-08-31 in Anger in France
d-1889-04-09 in Paris in France
A French chemist.

 ?

1890

08-01-09

Karl Ewald Konstantin Hering
b-1834-08-05 in Alt-Gersdorf in Germany
d-1918-01-26 in Leipzig in Germany
A German physiologist and psychologist.

Hering challenged the color-vision theory of Hermann von Helmholtz.
Hering's theory of color vision.
Also known as:
Hering's Theory of opponent color.

1902

08-01-10

 

Hermann Ebbinghaus
b-1850-01-24 in Barmen in Germany
d-1909-02-26 in Halle in Germany 
A German psychologist and experimental psychology.
 

 

? 

 

1905

08-01-11

 

Albert H. Munsell
b-1858-01-06 in Boston in the United States
d-1918-06-28 in Brookline in the United States
An American art instructor and painter.
 

An author of a color notation (1905)
In 1913
Henry Munsell created the atlas: The atlas Munsell Color System.

 

1917

08-01-12

Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald
b-1853-09-02 in Riga in Russia
d-1932-04-04 near Leipzig in Germany
A German physical chemist. 

In 1931 Wilhelm Ostwald created pure colors analogously around the equator.
From here they scale uniformly toward white and black.

1917

08-01-12a

 

Shinobu Ishihara
b-1879-09-25
d-1963-01-03 in Tokio
A Japanese Ophthalmologist

Shinobu Ishihara who created the Ishihara color test to detect color blindness

1921

08-01-13

 

Johannes Itten
b-1888 in Süderen-Linden in Switzerland
d-1967 in Zürich in Switzerland
An artist painter
 

Ittens color cirle is based on 12 paint colors, The primary colors Red-Yellow-Blue.
The secondary colors Orange-Green-Violet.
The tertiary colors Yellow/Orange-Red/Orange-Red/Violet-Blue/Violet-Blue/Green-Yellow/Green.
In science: Ittens names of color are not correct.

1924

08-01-14

 

Paul Klee
b-1879-12-18 in Münchenbuchsee in Switzerland
d-1940-06-29 in Muralto in Switzerland 
A Swiss painter and etcher. 
 

? 

1924
08-01-14a

Erwin Schödinger
b-1887-08-12 in Vienna in Austria
d-1961-01-04
One of Schrödinger's lesser-known areas of scientific contribution was his work on color, color perception and colorimetry. 

In 1920, he published three papers in this area: "Theorie der Pigmente von größter Leuchtkraft," "Grundlinien einer Theorie der Farbenmetrik im Tagessehen,"  "Farbenmetrik,"
The second of these is available in English as "Outline of a Theory of Color Measurement for Daylight Vision"

1928
08-01-15

Edwin Garrigues Boring
b-1886-10-23 in Philadelphia in the US
d-1968-06-01 in Cambridge in the US
An American psychologist.
 

Edwin Garrigues Boring, as an participant from the Inter Society Color Council concerning his research in color vision
and as a member of the Committee on Uniform  Color Scales of the Optical Society of America and for the National Bureau of Standards. 

1928

08-01-16

R.Luther
b-1868
d-1945
N.D.Nyberg
b-
d-

In 1927 and 1928, the physicists R. Luther and N.D. Nyberg published two scientific works in which they described new developments "from the area of colorimetry and chromatic stimulus" and commented on "the construction of the colour-solid within the context of all light sensations".
Basic colors:Yellow, Green, Blue and Purple
. The dimensions employed by Luther and Nyberg use two "colour-moments" to define the plane above which the body rises in the left-hand colour-solid, together with the relative brightness value L, which is perpendicular to this plane.

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 Last update
2010-05-18